Michigan Sleep Specialist: Restless Leg Syndrome

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) & Periodic Limb Movement Syndrome (PLMS)

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) & Periodic Limb Movement Syndrome (PLMS) is associated with the rhythmic, repetitive, stereotyped limb muscle contractions, usually affecting the legs, that can be synchronous or asynchronous. A typical movement consists of great toe tension, ankle dorsiflexion, and a variable degree of knee and hip flexion or extension. The contractions recur at regular intervals of 10-120 seconds.

The incidence of RLS increases with age and with some neurological and metabolic disorders. These movements may cause Insomnia or Excessive Daytime Sleepiness. RLS frequently accompanies Sleep Apnea Syndrome, and in some patients with Sleep Apnea, the main complaint from the bed partner may be leg kicks at night. Periodic leg movements in sleep are frequently associated with a waking disorder call Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS).

RLS is a disorder of the central nervous system that is characterized by unusual sensations in the legs and an overwhelming urge to move the legs while resting or attempting to fall asleep. Not all patients with PLMS also have RLS; however, most patients with RLS have PLMS. RLS is occasionally associated with pregnancy, anemia, or diabetes.

Symptoms of RLS also include the following:

Creeping or crawling sensations in the legs
An irresistible urge to move the affected extremity
Relief of the symptoms by walking
A worsening of the symptoms when the afflicted person is at rest, particularly during the afternoon and evening hours.

What Causes Restless Legs Syndrome?

This disorder may result from specific vitamin or mineral deficiencies.
This problem is also sometimes associated with kidney disease, diabetes, anemia or disorders of the spinal peripheral nerves.
Pregnant women frequently develop restless leg syndrome; however, the symptoms usually disappear after delivery. Some researchers think that there may be a familial predisposition for restless legs syndrome.

How is Restless Legs Syndrome Treated?

It is important to consult a physician to rule out other medical disorders that may be causing similar symptoms. Evaluation in at Michigan Sleep Diagnostics is helpful in making an accurate diagnosis and prescribing the appropriate treatment.
Depending on the cause that is identified for your disorder, your treatment may include exercise, relaxation therapy, dietary changes or in sever cases, medication. Physical activity often relieves the disturbing sensations that occur at bedtime. Your doctor may recommend walking or doing stretching exercises before going to bed; this may help you get a restful night's sleep.
Whatever your physician recommends, patients who learn as much as they can about their sleep disorder and who understand the reasons behind their treatment plan, stand to benefit most from the treatment prescribed. If you are highly motivated to work with your physician and your treatment team you will generally be able to resume a full and active lifestyle free from the fatiguing and troubling effects of restless legs syndrome.